B

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Template:Pp-semi

For technical reasons, B# redirects here. For the musical note, see B♯ (musical note)

Template:Two other uses Template:Wiktionarypar2 Template:Latin alphabet navbox B is the second letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English (Template:IPAc-en) is spelled bee, plural bees.<ref>"B" Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition (1989); Merriam-Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged (1993); "bee", op. cit.</ref> It is used to represent a variety of bilabial sounds (depending on language), most commonly a voiced bilabial plosive.


目次

History

‹B› started as a pictogram of the floorplan of a house in Egyptian hieroglyphs or the Proto-Sinaitic alphabet. By 1050 BC, the Phoenician alphabet's letter had a linear form that served as the beth.

Egyptian hieroglyph
cottage
Proto-Canaanite
house
Phoenician
beth
Greek
Beta
Etruscan
B
Roman
B
画像:EgyptianB-01.svg 画像:Proto-semiticB-01.svg 画像:PhoenicianB-01.svg 画像:Beta uc lc.svg 画像:EtruscanB-01.svg 画像:RomanB-01.svg

Typography

The modern lowercase ‹b› derives from later Roman times, when scribes began omitting the upper loop of the capital.

画像:BlackletterB-01.png 画像:UncialB-01.png
Blackletter B Uncial B
画像:ModernRomanB-01.png 画像:ModernItalicB-01.png 画像:ModernScriptB-01.png
Modern Roman B Modern Italic B Modern Script B

‹B› is often confused with the visually similar Germanß› which stands for ‹ss›.

Usage

In English and most other languages that use the Latin alphabet, ‹b› denotes the voiced bilabial plosive Template:IPAc-en, as in bib. In English it is sometimes silent; most instances are derived from old monosyllablic words with the b final and immediately preceded by an m, such as lamb and bomb; a few are examples of etymological spelling to make the word more like its Latin original, such as debt or doubt. In Estonian, Icelandic, and in Chinese, ‹b› does not denote a voiced consonant; instead, it represents a voiceless Template:IPA that contrasts with either a geminated Template:IPA (in Estonian) or an aspirated Template:IPA (in Chinese, Danish and Icelandic), represented by ‹p›. In Fijian ‹b› represents a prenasalized Template:IPA, whereas in Zulu and Xhosa it represents an implosive Template:IPA, in contrast to the digraph ‹bh› which represents Template:IPA.

Finnish only uses ‹b› in loanwords.

In the International Phonetic Alphabet and X-SAMPA, ‹Template:IPA› denotes the voiced bilabial plosive. Variants of ‹b› denote related bilabial consonants, like the voiced bilabial implosive and the bilabial trill. In X-SAMPA, capital ‹B› denotes the voiced bilabial fricative.

‹B› is also a musical note. Its value varies depending on the region; a ‹b› in Anglophone countries represents a note that is a semitone higher than the B note in Northern Continental Europe. (Anglophone B is represented in Northern Europe with ‹H›.) Archaic forms of ‹b›, the b quadratum (square b, Template:Music) and b rotundum (round b, Template:Music) remain in use for musical notation as the symbols for natural and flat, respectively.

In Contracted (grade 2) English braille, ‹b› stands for "but" when in isolation.

Codes for computing

Template:Letter In Unicode the capital ‹B› is codepoint U+0042 and the lower case ‹b› is U+0062.

The ASCII code for capital ‹B› is 66 and for lower case ‹b› is 98; or in binary 01000010 and 01100010, respectively.

The EBCDIC code for capital ‹B› is 194 and for lowercase ‹b› is 130; or in binary 11000010 and 10000010, respectively.

The numeric character references in HTML and XML are "&#66;" and "&#98;" for upper and lower case, respectively.

See also

Template:Commons

References

Template:Reflist

Template:Latin alphabetace:B af:B als:B ar:B an:B arc:B ast:B az:B zh-min-nan:B be:B, літара bs:B br:B (lizherenn) ca:B cs:B co:B cy:B da:B de:B dv:B et:B el:B eml:B es:B eo:B eu:B fa:B fr:B (lettre) fy:B fur:B gv:Beih (lettyr) gd:B gl:B gan:B xal:B үзг ko:B hr:B io:B ilo:B id:B ia:B is:B it:B he:B ka:B kw:B sw:B ht:B ku:B (tîp) la:B lv:B lb:B lt:B lmo:B hu:B mk:B (Латиница) mg:B ml:B mzn:B ms:B nah:B nl:B (letter) ja:B no:B nn:B nrm:B uz:B (harf) pl:B pt:B crh:B ro:B qu:B ru:B (латиница) se:B stq:B scn:B simple:B sk:B sl:B szl:B sr:B (слово латинице) sh:B fi:B sv:B tl:B th:B tr:B (harf) tk:B uk:B (латиниця) vi:B vo:B yi:B yo:B zh-yue:B diq:B bat-smg:B zh:B

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